How Sergio Leone Influenced Filmmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How Sergio Leone Influenced Filmmaking - Essay Example 9 V. Criticisms †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-12 A. Critics against Leone†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 B. Sergio’s films – the positive dimension†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 VI. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Abstract Using moving images to emote human emotions like love, fear, birth, death and other living sentiments on screen, to present before the audience the experiences they feel in their own lives is the essence cinema. There are other mediums to reach out to the audience like puppetry, theaters and drama but with time and techno logy the celluloid world of cinema is definitely on the lead. There were many phases in film making like the era of silent films, Eastman color films etc. One such significant phase was the American westerns that led to the beginning of the Spaghetti Western genre of films. Spaghetti Westerns were popular all over the globe like Europe, USA, parts of Asia and Africa (Jones, 43). Sergio Leone was a master of such film making. Leone was not the inventor of spaghetti films but he made classic movies using it. With this sub genre of film making Sergio Leone took the style of film making to new heights. However, Sergio’s style is often disputed by critics on its originality. Nevertheless, Sergio’s contribution to film making remains undisputed as his style is quoted by many modern day film makers like Quentin Tarantino and Martin Scorsese. Introduction In the early forties, film making in Italy was in poor shape because of the ongoing world wars (Karg, Van Over and Sutherla nd, 14). The films made were basically made to spread anti war sentiments and for political propagation. Post war In Italy during the 40s and 50s, films were made to depict the change in human psyche. This was known as the period of neorealism. It dealt with everyday conditions of poverty, death and defeat (Italian neorealism, n.d). The Italian film industry began to show reforms with the beginning of American western genre films popularly known as the Spaghetti Westerns during 1970s mastered by Sergio Leone. It was a departure from the usual sword-and-sandal epic films (Heifetz Stricke, 1). Sergio’s spaghetti films were successful in Italy because of their differences from the classical westerns films (Bondanella, 255). There were distinct features like the identification of the central character was always kept hidden, women being used only as widows or were completely absent, equal level of violence enacted by all characters and a hint of dark humor. These films were made in Italian studios and had American and other actors (Traina, 1). Films made by Leone were narrative, artistic, and had other conventions. His films revived the career of many aging Hollywood actors and saved Cinecitta which was almost shut down because of the failure of Hollywood movies (Film Series/ Events). Sergio Leone made remarkable influence in modern European cinema by changing the pattern of traditional Hollywood motion pictures. Leone introduced many new concepts in film making through the Spaghetti Westerns. He was notable for many special cinematic features like taking close ups of the actors to make the emotion appear more realistic and convincing. Spaghetti Westerns films used the dry locales in Spain instead of presenting conventional themes. Sergio collaborated with Ennio Morricone while developing the film scores

Advantages and Disadvantages of ESL Course Books Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of ESL Course Books Essay The use of course books in the ESL classroom is very common because the course books have the advantages of being visually appealing, easy for the teacher to prepare, and the activities fits well into the timetable. However, from the researcher’s own teaching experience, there are several problems and issues with the course books such as uninteresting topics, repetitive activities, and not enough language exposure. This in terms may affect the student’s learning attitude and motivation. Overall, using course books has its share of benefits and advantages such as having a well organized content with a consistency in the topics and genres for the four skill area (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Teachers who adopt a course book may also find it easier to teach since most of the preparation, including the types of activities, audios and in some cases, achievement tests, are already done by the publisher. This would be a great help to those inexperienced teachers who are just getting started into teaching. However, nothing in the world is perfect and teachers need to somehow solve the issues and problems that may come with ESL course books. These issues and problems may include finding ways to motivate students and teaching students academic skills not found in the course books. In this sense, the teacher’s job is not as easy as it seems. Many hours of planning and developing other activities are still required, but these planning and development will benefit both the student and the teacher by making the classroom activities more fun, more interesting, and result in more learning.

Graphical User Interface For The 3 Axis Cnc Milling Machine Computer Science Essay

Graphical User Interface For The 3 Axis Cnc Milling Machine Computer Science Essay This paper details the design and development of a Graphical User Interface for the 3-Axis CNC Milling Machine, which was designed in-house for testing and research purposes at the University of the South Pacific. The 3-axis CNC Milling Machine used COM Port terminal software, TeraTerm to communicate with the electronics hardware via RS232 link. The GUI was developed using Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 Integrated Development Environment. The end result is an interface that is user friendly and is capable of controlling various tasks of the Milling Machine. This paper aims to explain how simple components of Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 has been used to design a Windows ® based user interface which is capable of complete control of CNC milling machine. Keywords: GUI, Serial Port, CNC, G Codes, STEP NC 1. INTRODUCTION Over the years a number of methods have been developed to control machine tools. The most widespread used throughout the industry is the G Code language for NC machine tools programming. It is based on the data model stipulated by ISO6983, and has been used for over 50 years [1]. G codes, however, limits the usage of todays fast evolving high-performance hardware [2]. The latest development in NC machine tools programming is ISO 14649 or STEP NC. It is a new standard for data transferring between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying the machining processes rather than machine toolmotion by means of Workingstep, as the basic entity [1] Whichever method of programming NC machine tools is used, it is always important to verify the program before doing actual testing. Verification of NC part programs using a PC is inexpensive compared to testing on model parts. Cutting simulation as a means of testing and verifying NC cutting paths has become an important part of modern machining [3]. With the latest advancements in PC technology and 3D graphics it is much easier to simulate NC cutting paths. A common CNC executes G-code programs, which are generated as a result of planning and scheduling in CAM tools [4]. However an interface is required to send or execute NC part program to the CNC. The user interface is the communication Tool between the operator and the PC-based CNC drilling machine, via the computer screen [5]. The recent advancement in software development technology using Object Oriented Programming (OOP) has made it possible to create simple user interface with a sound communication link to control NC machines. In 2002 [5], a GUI was developed at the University of the South Pacific for a PC-Based computer numeric control drilling machine. The platform for the graphical user interface (GUI) was written in Borlands new rapid application product, C++ Builder ®. Gordon and Hillery [6] developed a Windows ® based graphical user interface for their CNC cutting machine. The user interface communicated with the machine via RS232 serial link. The programming environment used was Borland C++ Builder 3, which allowed the visual development of the program interface. The user interface developed also had features for homing the three axes, editing of NC part program (G Codes) and also previewing the two dimensional cutter motion. This paper mainly focuses on the design of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the 3-Axis CNC milling machine. The user interface has been designed in Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The features of the GUI are explained in detail. 2. OVERVIEW OF CNC MILLING MACHINE The CNC Milling Machine was designed in-house at the School of Engineering and Physics (SEP) at the University of the South Pacific (USP), for testing and research purposes. It uses an absolute three dimensional coordinate system to create its tool path. It sequentially passes instructions which are in the form of three dimensional coordinates to the Milling Machine for controlling the tool, similar to how G Codes are used. The operational framework of the CNC milling machine is shown in Figure 2.1. It consists of a dedicated PC running Graphical User Interface Software which is used to upload a text file containing X, Y and Z coordinates. It also has features to control the milling operations and to get a two dimensional cutter path preview. The software is linked to the electronics hardware via RS232 serial link. Figure 2.1 Operational framework of the CNC Milling Machine The current CNC Milling machine is only capable of linear interpolation (G01), in terms of G Codes, or moving linearly from one point in the three dimensional space to the next point. To mill different geometries other than straight lines the milling machine has to be given a number of coordinate points which can be used to approximate that particular geometry. For instance to mill a curve the milling machine needs to be given a set of points which lie on the curve. Similar method was used by Min-Yang Yang and Won-Pyo Hong [7] in their three dimensional linear interpolation algorithm. The CNC Milling Machine uses an absolute three dimensional coordinate system (X, Y, and Z) for its tool path generation. The three dimensional coordinates are defined in a text file. Each of the three coordinates has three characters in the text file for instance the X coordinate 0 is defined as 000 in the text file. The Basic Length Unit (BLU) is in millimeters. The electronics architecture of the CNC milling machine consisted of five PIC microcontrollers (PIC16F877) in a distributed architecture, with one master controller and several slave controllers. The master controller of the CNC Milling Machine consists of a PIC16F877 microcontroller which is responsible for coordinating and controlling the overall operations of the Machine. It is the central intelligence system of the CNC Milling Machine. It receives its commands from the user through a user interface and commands other co PIC16F877 Microcontrollers in a distributed architecture to carry out their respective tasks. The mechanical hardware consists of three stepper motors which drive the three axis of the CNC Milling Machine. It also has a 24V DC Motor which is the spindle motor. The worktable consists of clamps to clamp the workpiece firmly on the worktable. For feedback, the machine constitutes of limit switches which control the limit of the worktable. 3. USER INTERFACE Until recently, the CNC machine was using COM port terminal software, TeraTerm, to communicate with Master Controller via RS232 link. The GUI was designed to provide a user friendly interface instead of typing coordinates in TeraTerm. The GUI was designed using Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 and coded in BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). The overall design of the main form of the user interface is shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 Main form of the GUI It was decided to incorporate the following features in the GUI Opening of text file which contains the coordinates. Previewing of coordinate file (or tool path) in two dimensional X and Y axis Communication with the CNC Machine via RS232 link Milling control features such as homing, manual jog etc Displaying coordinate file 3.1 File Input The GUI contains a MenuStrip at the top of the main form on which there are three menus, File, Setup and Help. The File menu contains an Open menu which opens a file browser window as shown in Figure 3.1.1. The software utilizes an OpenFileDialog control of Visual basic 2008 to prompt the user for the files path. It allowed the user to choose which text file to open in the program. The OpenFileDialog control contains the Filter property which was used to control the type of file to be opened in the program. The only extension allowed was the *.txt. The ShowDialog() method was used to display the Open Coordinate File dialog box on the screen. The FileName property was used to get the path specified by the user. The dialog box is shown in figure 3.1.1 Figure 3.1.1 Open Coordinate File dialog box After getting the path from the user, the program used a FileOpen() function to open the file specified by the user. The end of file function, EOF() was used to iterate through the file until the no more coordinates are left. The LineInput() function was used get a line of coordinates into a string variable. This string variable was then extracted to get the X, Y and Z coordinates in a separate array. The array containing the X, Y and Z coordinate was then used later to generate two dimensional previews and to send to the CNC milling machine. Finally the FileClose() function closes the text file. 3.2 Tool Path Preview The graphical user interface that is designed also contains a two dimensional preview feature which can be used to preview the path taken by the milling tool on the workpiece. The GUI uses the system.drawing.graphics namespace to create tool path. The preview panel, as shown in figure 3.2.1, gives a two dimensional (X, Y) preview of the tool path which will be followed by the cutting tool. It is also to check and verify that the input text file does not contain errors. A Preview command button is used to generate preview. This is activated only when a valid coordinate file is loaded. The GUI utilizes system.drawing namespace which includes system.drawing.graphics class to draw the preview. The DrawLines() method was used to draw a series of lines according to the X and Y coordinates in the coordinate file. Figure 3.2.1 Tool Path Preview control The use of three-dimensional absolute coordinate system has made the previewing algorithm much easier since the preview is two dimensional (X, Y), the program utilizes these X and the Y coordinates to draw a preview of the shape in the preview panel. Once the Preview command button is clicked, the btnPreview_Click event procedure gets the array containing the X and Y coordinates which was previously read from the text file. The procedure then used these coordinates as points to draw a series of lines using the DrawLines() method. Since absolute coordinates are used, the lines connect from the end point of the first X, Y coordinate to the start point of the next X, Y coordinate. In this way the path taken by the cutter is drawn by connecting the series of points. 3.3 Milling Controls The GUI on the main form contained a group box with a number of command buttons for commanding the milling machine. The Home command button was used to command the milling machine to rapidly move to its home position. Figure 3.3.1 Milling Control panel The advantage of using a software interface to control the CNC Milling Machine is that it acts like a control panel of the CNC which resides on the PC. Several command buttons have been used on the main form to command the CNC Milling Machine to carry out various tasks. The Home command button is used to command the CNC Milling Machine to move to its home position. The milling control also contains a command button Start to run or to send the coordinates to the milling machine to start milling. The flowchart in figure 3.3.2 shows this. Figure 3.3.2 Flowchart showing the start subroutine 4. COMMUNICATIONS The user interface for controlling the milling machine resides on a dedicated PC. Therefore there should be some means of communication between the software and the electronics hardware. A standard desktop personal computer consists of several communications ports. These include parallel port (LPT1), serial port (COM), PS/2 ports and Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports. Serial port communications has been used to with the electronics hardware. The Serial port or RS232 has several port settings that need to be set. The advantage of this obsolete technology is that it best suits the application we are designing, and the amount of data that needs to be sent to and from the milling machine. Figure 4.1 shows the dialog box that appears to the user when the user chooses Serial Port from the Setup Menu. On this dialogue box the user can choose the port settings. The reason for including this control is so that the application may work on different PCs. The default port setting is shown in figure 4.1. Figure 4.1 Serial Port Configuration dialog box The communications via RS232 was made possible using the system.IO.ports namespace, and the SerialPort class of Visual Basic 2008. The SerialPort class consisted of properties/attributes, methods and events which was used in the communication algorithm. The ReadExisting() method was used to read data from the PCs serial port receive buffer (Rx). The Write() method was used to send string data to the electronics of the CNC Milling Machine. The flowchart in figure 4.2 demonstrates how the communication to the milling machine is made when the user clicks ok on the dialog box in figure 4.1. Figure 4.2 Flowchart showing the communication algorithm followed. 5. TESTING AND DEBUGGING One problem faced during the development and testing of the GUI was run time errors or exceptions. Runtime errors or exceptions occur as a result of normal operating conditions [8]. For example errors when the GUI is trying to open a COM port which is being used by another program. The problem was overcome using structured error handling or the Try†¦Catch code block in Visual Basic. The GUI used message boxes to display appropriate messages to the users when an exception occurred and allowed the program to continue. The preview part of the GUI was tested by opening a text file containing 165 X, Y, Z points. These points resembled a circle in two dimensional (X, Y) planes. The result is depicted in Figure 5.1 which shows the tool path generated on the preview panel. Figure 5.1 Tool Path preview showing the preview of a circle Furthermore, the same file was used to mill a circle on softwood with the following settings: Feedrate 75mm/min Spindle Speed 2500RPM Cutting Tool Diameter 5mm The result is shown in Figure 5.2. The result shows that the Graphical User Interface made no errors while sequentially sending coordinates to the milling machine. Figure 5.2 Output of the CNC Milling Machine 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Based on the result in the previous section of this paper, it can be concluded that the GUI design was successful. The GUI was able to communicate with the electronics hardware of the CNC Milling Machine using RS232 serial link. The preview algorithm of the program also worked well. Finally the GUI was able to sequentially send (X, Y, and Z) coordinates representing cutter path in three dimensional space, to the CNC Milling machine. However, a number of tasks can be carried out in the future to improve the performance of the GUI and to enhance the output of the CNC Milling Machine. One such include the implementation of the industry standard G Codes which is based on ISO6983 data model, instead of X, Y, Z coordinate file. The G Code programming is a standardized way of controlling cutter motion. The CNC milling machine is capable of moving in steps as small as 1 tenth of a millimeter. Thus it is also recommended to improve the GUI so that it can cater for coordinates with one decimal point. The output of the CNC milling machine will improve drastically by having coordinates in mm to one decimal point. Another improvement that can be implemented on the GUI is using an abort button to cancel or abort the operations of the CNC Milling Machine. This is a standard safety feature which exists on most industrial machines including CNC machines.

Symbols of Feminine Power in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay

Symbols of Feminine Power in Their Eyes Were Watching God  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Much evidence supports Saturday Review writer Doris Grumbach's opinion that Their Eyes Were Watching God is "the finest black novel of its time" and "one of the finest of all time" (Washington, 4). Zora Neale Hurston's text is highly regarded because of the meaning and purpose it conveys using poetic language and folkloric imagery. It is the heroic story of Janie Crawford's search for individuality, self-realization, and independence from the patriarchal forces of her time. Because the novel is mainly concerned with Janie's many relationships within a male-dominated context, it is only logical to take feminist view of Their Eyes Were Watching God. Throughout my reading of this particular novel I have identified the images of porches, trees, and the horizon as symbols of power in favor of Janie Crawford's search for a feminist identity. To support this opinion, I have chosen to utilize the feminist / reader response theories formulated by Judith Fetterley in Introduction to the Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Fetterley's writing is useful for the study of Their Eyes Were Watching God because of her discussion of power and its relation to women. In her introduction she explains the relationship between the two classifications of gender (male versus female) and the ideology of America. According to Fetterley, "American literature is male," and "to be American is male" (991). Unfortunately, this type of philosophy has existed for many years and still exists today. In order for a change to occurs, Fetterley says that readers must "examine American fictions in light of how attitudes toward women shape their form and content" because it... ...independence.    Works Cited Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. "Porches: Stories: Power: Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston."Journal of American Culture (1996): 95-110. Online. Internet. 8 December 1999. Available: http:vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bi†¦GT.&SP.URL.P=(H5Z7)J(0000121600)&. Fetterley, Judith. "Introduction to the Resisting Reader: a Feminist Approach to American Fiction." The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. David H. Richter. Boston: Bedford books, 1998. 991-998. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Perennial Classics, 1990. Jacobs, Karen. "From 'Spy-glass' to Horizon: Tracking the Anthropological Gaze in Zora Neale Hurston." Novel (1997): 329-60. Online. Internet. 8 December 1999. Available: http:vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bi†¦GT.&SP.URL.P=(H5Z7)J(00000121600)&.      

Creating a Credible Culture Essay

Nowadays if organization is willing to be successful and to respond quickly to changing demands, it should paid thorough attention to organizational cultures. Smart leaders and executives realize that greediness isn’t a bet of wealth and success as well as outward appearance of success shouldn’t be the substitute of achievement. Suzanne Bates claims that â€Å"when we allow spin to be used as a synonym of deception and when cutting ethical concern can pass for courage, leading the old-fashioned way somehow seems dreadfully dull†. (Bates 2003) Good name and respect of organization are rather vulnerable and, thus, organizational culture is of great importance. The most important thing for organization is the creating of atmosphere of trust. Place being respected for honesty and integrity is associated with good and skillful people working in it. (Bates 2003) Building credibility stars from the top and must be nurtured and cultivated constantly to achieve the desired outcomes. The first rule is to modify the behavior that will be promoted in future. If a company wants to perform honestly, it has to practice it from the very start. Therefore, employees should be thanked for honest feedbacks, even if feedback is a criticism. Bates recommends starting from building ethical culture, because leader always face ethical dilemmas and should be skillful enough to cope with competitive pressure. Actions should on the first place and only then words. For example, it is possible to set guiding rules for serving as ethical compass. The next moment is to lead by personal example and to improve communication process. (Bates 2003) Success is associated with honesty and sincerity. Organizational leaders spend lots of resources to maintain the outward appearance of success, though they lack the core principles of culture: honesty, openness, credibility and trustful policies. As Bates says, â€Å"a credible culture can be a magnet that draws people and talent to your organization†. (Bates 2003) Therefore, developing and motivating credible culture is a path to success. References Bates, Suzanne. (2003). Creating a Credible Culture. Nurse Leader, January-February, 37-38.

Battle of Queenston Heights in the War of 1812

Battle of Queenston Heights in the War of 1812 The Battle of Queenston Heights was fought October 13, 1812, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815) and was the first major land battle of the conflict. Seeking to cross the Niagara River, American troops under Major General Stephen van Rensselaer encountered a variety of difficulties. Finally landing part of his command, van Rensselaer engaged British forces under Major General Isaac Brock. In the resulting fighting, American troops suffered a defeat after militia forces refused to cross the river and a British counterattack isolated those on the Canadian side. The battle marked the end of a poorly managed campaign for the Americans. Fast Facts: Battle of Queenston Heights Conflict: War of 1812 (1812-1815)Dates: October 13, 1812Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General Stephen van Rensselaer6,000 menGreat BritainMajor General Isaac BrockMajor General Roger Hale Sheaffe1,300 menCasualties:United States: 300 killed and wounded, 958 capturedGreat Britain: 14 killed, 77 wounded, and 21 missing. Native American casualties 5 killed and 9 wounded Background With the outbreak of the War of 1812 in June 1812, American forces began marshaling to invade Canada. Intending to strike at several points, the American efforts were soon put in jeopardy when Brigadier General William Hull surrendered Detroit to Major General Isaac Brock in August. Elsewhere, General Henry Dearborn remained idle at Albany, NY rather than move forward to capture Kingston while General Stephen van Rensselaer was stalled on the Niagara frontier due to a lack of men and supplies (Map). Major General Sir Isaac Brock. Photograph Source: Public Domain Returning to Niagara from his success at Detroit, Brock found that his superior, Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost had ordered British forces to adopt a defensive posture in the hopes that the conflict could be settled diplomatically. As a result, an armistice was in place along the Niagara which allowed van Rensselaer to receive reinforcements. A major general in the New York militia, van Rensselaer was a popular Federalist politician who had been appointed to command the American army for politic purposes. As such, several regular officers, such as Brigadier General Alexander Smyth, commanding at Buffalo, had issues with taking orders from him. Preparations With the end of the armistice on September 8, Van Rensselaer began making plans to cross the Niagara River from his base at Lewiston, NY to capture the village of Queenston and the nearby heights. To support this effort, Smyth was ordered to cross and attack Fort George. After receiving only silence from Smyth, van Rensselaer sent additional orders demanding that he bring his men to Lewiston for a combined assault on October 11. Major General Stephen van Rensselaer. Public Domain - National Gallery of Art Though van Rensselaer was ready to strike, severe weather led to the effort being postponed and Smyth returned to Buffalo with his men after being delayed en route. Having spotted this failed attempt and received reports that the Americans might attack, Brock issued orders for the local militias to begin forming. Outnumbered, the British commanders forces were also scattered along length of the Niagara frontier. With the weather clearing, van Rensselaer elected to make a second attempt on October 13. Efforts to add Smyths 1,700 men failed when he informed van Rensselaer that he could not arrive until the 14th. Opposing the American advance were two companies of British troops and two companies of York militia, as well as a third British company on the heights to the south. This last unit possessed an 18-pdr gun and a mortar which were located in a redan halfway up the heights. To the north, two guns were mounted at Vroomans Point. Around 4:00 AM, the first wave of boats moved across the river under the leadership of Colonel Solomon van Rensselaer (militia) and Lieutenant Colonel John Chrystie (regulars). Col. van Rensselaers boats landed first and the British soon raised the alarm. The British Respond Moving to block the American landings, British troops under Captain James Dennis opened fire. Col. van Rensselaer was quickly hit and put out of action. Captain John E. Wool of the 13th US Infantry took over and pushed into the village with the aid of American artillery firing from across the river. As the sun rose, British artillery began firing on the American boats with great effect. As a result, Chrystie was unable to get across as his boat crew panicked and returned to the New York shore. Other elements of Lieutenant Colonel John Fenwicks second wave were forced downstream where they were captured. At Fort George, Brock, concerned that the attack was diversion, dispatched a few detachments to Queenston and rode there to see the situation himself. In the village, American forces were contained in narrow strip along the river by the artillery fire from the redan. Though wounded, Col. van Rensselaer ordered Wool to take a force upstream, ascend the heights, and take the redan from behind. Arriving at the redan, Brock sent most of the troops guarding it down the slope to aid in village. As a result, when Wools men attacked, Brock was forced to flee and the Americans took control of the redan and its guns. Brock Killed Sending a message to Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe at Fort George, Brock requested reinforcements to block the American landings. Due to the redans commanding position, he immediately resolved to recapture it with those men on hand. Leading forward two companies of the 49th Regiment and two companies of York militia, Brock charged up the heights assisted by aide-de-camp Lieutenant Colonel John MacDonell. In the attack, Brock was struck in the chest and killed. Though outnumbered, MacDonell pressed the attack and pushed the Americans back to the edge of the heights. The British assault then faltered when MacDonell was hit. Losing momentum, the attack collapsed and the Americans forced them to fall back through Queenston to Durhams Farm, near Vroomans Point. Between 10:00 AM and 1:00 PM, Maj. Gen. van Rensselaer worked to consolidate the position on the Canadian side of the river. Ordering the heights to be fortified, he placed Lieutenant Colonel Winfield Scott in command with Brigadier General William Wadsworth leading the militia. Despite the success, Van Rensselaers position was tenuous as only around 1,000 men had crossed and few were in cohesive units. Disaster on the Heights Around 1:00 PM, reinforcements arrived from Fort George, including British artillery. Opening fire from the village, it made crossing the river hazardous. On the heights 300 Mohawks began attacking Scotts outposts. Across the river, the waiting American militia could hear their war cries and became reluctant to cross. Arriving on the scene around 2:00 PM, Sheaffe led his men on a circuitous route to the heights to shield them from the American guns. Frustrated, van Rensselaer re-crossed to Lewiston and worked tirelessly to convince the militia to embark. Unsuccessful, he dispatched a note to Scott and Wadsworth giving them permission to withdraw if the situation warranted. Abandoning their field works, they constructed a barricade at the top of the heights. Attacking at 4:00 PM, Sheaffe met with success. Hearing the Mohawk war cries and fearing massacre, Wadsworths men retreated and soon surrendered. His line collapsing, Scott fell back, ultimately retreating down the slope above the river. With no escape and the Mohawks, angry over the loss of two chiefs, in pursuit, Scott was forced to surrender the remnants of his command to Sheaffe. Following his surrender, around 500 American militia who had fled and hid emerged and were taken prisoner. Aftermath A disaster for the Americans, the Battle of Queenston Heights saw 300 killed and wounded, as well as 958 captured. British losses totaled 14 killed, 77 wounded, and 21 missing. Native American casualties 5 killed and 9 wounded. In the wake of the fighting, the two commanders agreed on truce to treat wounded. Defeated, van Rensselaer resigned and was replaced by Smyth who bungled two attempts at crossing the river near Fort Erie.

Joy

Joy JoyThroughout our journeys, we can expect the road of life to be paved with many experiences of both joys and sorrows drawn in. The joy that life brings creates a wonderful encounter with the world and all it's people. Joy is described as an especially intense period of happiness that results with contentment, pleasure, and delight. Although our life is a so-called "rollercoaster ride," and is filled with so many different dispositions or vibes, our joyful moments are the ones to be treasured and remembered forever. These moments are the ones that render a person to feel at the summit or highest point of the world and in humankind, but since life has so many different adventures and never occurs in the same fashion all the time, other temperaments are considered as well. Joy is a source or perhaps an object that grounds a feeling of enjoyment, cheerfulness, or satisfaction.Jeff Woloson in Thailand. The birds atop Jeff's he..."Their only child was their pride and joy."Joy can be illus trated by the passion or emotion that is energized by the gaining or anticipation of good. Joyful thoughts and manners are the pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and fondness, or by a normal prospect of possessing what we love or desire. Joy is gladness and indulgence as well as an exhilaration of a person's spirits.Many people have distinct sources that cause them happiness or joy as for it differs and fluctuates from person to person. Learning to live in the present moment is a part of the path to joy. As Shakespeare said, "Things won are done; joy's soul lies in the doing." Another great aspect of this quote that demonstrates the world's values (joys) and a real explanation of joy comes from a quote by Cesare Pavese, "The only joy...

Free Essays on Hypothetical

The first issue in the paper is that â€Å"several males who were seen on the streets wearing dark clothing, and who appeared to the officers to be suspicious looking were taken in to custody for questioning†. This issue raises the question; is the several males looking suspicious enough probable cause for the officers to make an arrest, does it violate the male’s rights of the fourth amendment? The fourth amendment states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Inciardi p. 188). An arrest may be made in two ways: with a warrant or without a warrant. In this case it was without a warrant. To make an arrest the officer must have probable cause and there are two ele ments to probable cause to arrest. The first is that a crime has been committed and the other is that the person to be arrested committed the offense (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 52). It is unclear to me if because the several males â€Å"looked suspicious† if this makes them a suspect of committing the crime. Another issue to address is that Mr. Troubleshooter was chased, apprehended by citizens, and then held to the ground for approximately fifteen minutes against his will. The first problem is that a private person arrest should be made when a crime has been committed, or attempted, in the presence of the arresting person (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 51). The arrest must be made upon more than a mere suspicion that a crime had been committed. In this case the citizens arrested Mr. Troubleshooter because of his reputation of being a drug dealer, and his â€Å"brisk walk† towards his apartment with what appeared to be a gun. Although Mr. Troubleshooter may have been w... Free Essays on Hypothetical Free Essays on Hypothetical The first issue in the paper is that â€Å"several males who were seen on the streets wearing dark clothing, and who appeared to the officers to be suspicious looking were taken in to custody for questioning†. This issue raises the question; is the several males looking suspicious enough probable cause for the officers to make an arrest, does it violate the male’s rights of the fourth amendment? The fourth amendment states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Inciardi p. 188). An arrest may be made in two ways: with a warrant or without a warrant. In this case it was without a warrant. To make an arrest the officer must have probable cause and there are two ele ments to probable cause to arrest. The first is that a crime has been committed and the other is that the person to be arrested committed the offense (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 52). It is unclear to me if because the several males â€Å"looked suspicious† if this makes them a suspect of committing the crime. Another issue to address is that Mr. Troubleshooter was chased, apprehended by citizens, and then held to the ground for approximately fifteen minutes against his will. The first problem is that a private person arrest should be made when a crime has been committed, or attempted, in the presence of the arresting person (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 51). The arrest must be made upon more than a mere suspicion that a crime had been committed. In this case the citizens arrested Mr. Troubleshooter because of his reputation of being a drug dealer, and his â€Å"brisk walk† towards his apartment with what appeared to be a gun. Although Mr. Troubleshooter may have been w...

Waterhouse Friderichsen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Waterhouse Friderichsen - Essay Example To have a clear description of Waterhouse Friderichsen, a hypothetical client scenario will be used. Other than concentrating on the primary organ affected by Waterhouse Friderichsen, other organs affected by the same will also be discussed. The final section under this medical condition will focus on impacts of healthcare and nursing. The hypothetical case study will be of a 35 year old female patient who was found with signs and symptoms associated with Waterhouse Friderichsen. Majority of cases have been reported in children, but the increased rate of meningococcal infections have led to high incidences of Waterhouse Friderichsen in adults. In many cases, patients with Waterhouse Friderichsen die within 24hrs, but a few have managed to survive beyond 48hrs. Cases of full recovery have also been reported in some regions. This fact proves that the syndrome is not fatal when early diagnosis is made. Worldwide incidences of Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome are not many, although cases of the condition go unnoticed in many instances (Manchanda et al, 2008). Case Analysis This is a hypothetical case of a 35 year old female patient who got admitted after showing signs of high grade fever accompanied by chills and vomiting over a period of 7days. The patient also had a skin rash on the abdomen and trunk, which appeared on the 5th day of infection. Following admission, the patient developed a hemorrhagic rash. On assessing the family history, there was no any significant information to associate the infection with family history. Medical examination revealed that the patient was unstable, and there was the presence of cyanosis. The patient was febrile with a pulse rate of 90/min and a systolic BP of 70mmHg. Neurological examination revealed positive signs of Kerning and Brudzinski. There were rashes all over the body but predominated on the abdomen and trunk. Collection of CSF was done under aseptic conditions and its processing done under standard bacteriological pr ocedures. Microscopy on CSF was done routinely, and a cell count of 9400/mm3 was reported. Of the total cell count, 86% were polymorphs while 14% were lymphocytes. An increase in CSF proteins to 309mg%, and a decrease in glucose to 20mg% were reported. A Gram stain preparation of the CSF revealed pus cells accompanied with gram-negative diplococcus. CSF cultures were done on MacConkey agar, chocolate agar, and blood agar and incubated overnight. After overnight incubation, there were tiny translucent colonies on blood agar and chocolate agar. Standard bacteriological procedures identified the tinny translucent colonies to be those of Neisseria meningitides. A CT scan conducted on the patient confirmed adrenal hemorrhage, which is present in Waterhouse Friderrichsen syndrome. Antibiotic sensitivity using 5 antibiotics showed no resistance to any of the antibiotics under examination. Antibiotics under examination were sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim, and p enicillin. The patient was put on ceftriaxone and steroids but went into a shock. On the third day of admission, water Friderichsen syndrome was reported as the cause of death. Discussion Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome was reported first in 1911 by Rubert Waterhouse. This syndrome is caused by failure of the adrenal gland due to massive bleeding into the gland. The cause of bleeding is a bacterial infection, most common bacteria being meningococcus Neisseria meningitides. This medical condition presentswith rash, fever, coagulopathy, rash, and shock. During the course of its development, multiple organs are affected, leading to multiple system failure. One significant sign in Waterhouse

Legal Aspects of Health Information Management Case Study

Legal Aspects of Health Information Management - Case Study Example The informed consent process for emergency surgery in children poses a challenge for pediatric surgeons because the child and his/her parents must make medical decisions in a relatively short period. The unique circumstances of a surgical emergency create potential barriers to achieving the central goals of the informed consent process. This notwithstanding, if the parents are present, then the document must be signed. The fundamental principle of informed consent is relatively clear. Almost 100 years ago, Justice Cardozo stated "Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body; and a surgeon who performs an operation without his patient's consent commits an assault for which he is liable for damages." Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 105 N.E. 92 (New York, 1914) overruled on other grounds, Bing v. Thunig, 143 N.E. 2d 3 (New York, 1957). Accordingly, it goes without saying that the parents must consent for the surgery. If however the parents were not available, then the doctor should attempt all ways possible to locate the parents while at the same time explaining to the patient what is happening and what must happen. The underlying purpose of informed consent is to provide each individual patient with control over his or her own body. To imply consent because a reasonable person might consent but where this patient, in fact, did not consent, undermines the entire philosophy of informed consent. Thus if the parents are not available, the surgery cannot happen. Essay #2 Paula Patient doesn't want her violent boyfriend to know she's getting an abortion, so she asks Dr. Bob to send all communications to her to a post office box and to phone her only at work. What should Dr. Bob do, and what is the legal basis for your advice If she tells Dr. Bob that not doing this will endanger her, would your answer be different Assuming of course that Dr. Bob is the man performing the abortion, he only needs Paula's consent. There are two prevailing standards for informed consent. The first, the so called "traditional" or "community" standard, is physician centered and defined by the common and customary practices in the medical community, or on what a reasonable physician would reveal in a particular situation. The second standard is patient centered, and is defined by what a "reasonable patient" would find relevant to his or her decision to accept or forego a recommended medical treatment. Simply stated, abortion does not involve any body other than that of the female. The procedure is being performed on the female, and for that reason, there is no other consent required but that of the female. The basic tenet of abortion and the laws applied to it are for the preservation of the woman and nobody else. Moreover, the Supreme court has made it clear in their decisions that they are not interested in discussing the perceived rights of a child but rather sustaining the rights of the woman. Accordingly, there is no difference whether Paula's boyfriend is violent or an angel. He has no bearing whatsoever in the decision process because it is not his body and therefore is not entitled to consent to anything. Essay #3 Paula Patient's attorney asks Dr. Bob for medical records about Paula's car accident and

Flag Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flag Burning - Essay Example Indeed, the symbolism of the flag is so deeply embedded in national consciousness that Bourne (qtd in Schatz and Lavine, 2007: 329) was prompted to declare that "We reverence not our country but the flag. We may criticize ever so severely our country, but we are disrespectful to the flag at our peril." The difference lies in that the flag is a symbolic representation of all that which the nation is; the flag represents the past, present and future and is not associated with particular policies and governments, as may be the nation at any given time. It is within the context of that which the flag stands for that intolerance towards flag burning should be understood. Americans are intolerant of flag burning because it expresses disregard for those who lost their lives battling under the flag, disrespect for the institutions of the nation and, a symbolic attempt to deny national memories. The 1960s were the heyday of flag burning in the United States and even though many Americans sympathized with the politics which incited the said act, few were tolerant of it. As Boime (1990) notes, countless Americans opposed the Vietnam War and supported the Civil Rights but were enraged by the expression of the aforementioned through flag-burning.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Discussion - Essay Example They develop socio-psychological problems, resulting in low confidence and low adjustment within the given paradigm and become ‘depressed’. The widespread implications of depression amongst the employees significantly impacting the economic performance, socio-psychological well being of the workforce and organizational capabilities become urgent issues that need to be addressed. Effective interventions and treatment of the mental illness needs to be taken by from the holistic point of view because holistic approach treats the disease, not as an isolated event but as part of the wider perspectives that takes into account the physical, mental and social aspect of the individuals. Harter, Schmidt and Keyes (2003) assert that ‘presence of positive emotional state and positive appraisals of the workers and his or her relationships within the workplace accentuate workers performance and quality of life’. The job satisfaction, encouraging work environment and leadership initiatives that work towards mutual respect, shared learning and understanding become major facilitating agents of improved performance. Empowered workforce and proactive management promote positive attitude and impetus for higher level of achievement. Thus mental and physical wellbeing of the workers becomes important consideration for management, consultants and employees. (279) Through the ages behavioral scientists have tried to explain human behavior for the wider welfare of human race. Human behavior under normal and excruciating circumstances differ widely and is often subject to one’s approach and understanding of the issue that broadly confines to individual’s choice and thereby his or her actions. Some scientists broadly categorize abnormal behavior in terms of 4 Ds of human behavior described as: deviation from the generally acceptable social behavior or acts considered ‘normal’ by people at large; deviation from the social

Film analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film analysis assignment - Essay Example People have their own opinions and standpoints, they see things differently. It is difficult to say, who is right or wrong, because men and women are very different in many ways. In these scenes Harry and Sally try to change each other. One of the sidetracks, Let’s call the whole thing off, goes â€Å"You like potato I like potahto you like tomato I like tomahto.† This song supports Harry and Sally’s meaningless argument. After they spend much time together, Harry and Sally understand each other better. In the batting cage scene, Harry says â€Å"It’s just different. It’s a whole different perspective. I get a woman’s point of view on things.† The movie viewers can feel that Harry was changed. In the final scene, Harry says that he loves all Sally’s weird behaviors. Both of them try to change each other, but then they listen and understand, thus a friendship becomes true love. The topics of the plot of the movie are constructed chronologically. The first topic begins when Harry and Sally just graduated from the University of Chicago and they share a car to go to New York to find a new live. As soon as they arrive at Washington square, they say goodbye by handshaking not knowing even where each goes. The second topic begins when they meet in the airport five years later. Sally tells Harry that she and Joe are in love, and Harry tells Sally that he is getting married. The third topic begins when they met by chance at a book store five years later. They are going through difficult times because Sally broke up with Joe and Harry divorced. Harry and Sally become friends. Since they live in the same city, they spend much time together. As a result they understand each other better. Dialog is the main tool to lead the story, however there is narrative scene that Harry is alone on the New Years Eve, while Sally is in a party having a terrible time with a man. Har ry walks down the street at night trying to convince himself that

Storytelling as Artifice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Storytelling as Artifice - Essay Example Whereas art is an umbrella definition for any creative or innovative work, artifice is a sub set of art that employs some trick to impart some sense into the conscience of people who happens to be the target group for a given literary work. The work of art is like a social mirror to the society but it needs to be blended with some concepts that brings people closer to it and this is what constitute the role of artifice.Yunior, in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, repeatedly calls attention to the artifice which is one of the often assumed literary concept but very useful. This literary work was written to point out some of the social injustices meted on the inhabitants of Caribbean Islands which was predominantly slaves of African descent. Spain happens to have been one of the European nations that took control of Dominican Island and it is intriguing to find out how they practised racial discrimination and adopted a discriminative strategy of planting their culture and weeding o ut their perceived worthless social order among their colonies. One of the literary tools depicting artifice in this work is allegory of violence. The colonial countries and Spain in the context of this work was a true reflection of violence. They engaged the slaves in Dominican Republic in hard labour under inhuman conditions characterized by lack of basic needs like food, clothing and healthcare provision. Taking control of another person is not a peaceful process and this explain why even the Spanish applied cruelty to stamp their authority like any other colonial authority to oppress the blacks in Dominica Republic. The world violence is almost synonymous to the Spanish colonial era and reminds the citizens and other literary audience of the dark past which its effects is still being felt to this date. The â€Å"plantations machine† is a common word used within the novel to illustrate the depth of inhuman treatment the slaves were subjected to. It also symbolises the fast diffusing power of the social restructuring that the Spanish community imposed in Caribbean Island. Symbolism plays a central role in exhibiting the heights of artifice in forcing the meaning of the literary work to the audience. The history of Caribbean is referred to as a culture of† gap† due to the in fills of the colonizers cultures within the culture of the inhabitants of Dominican Republic. It sends the racial apartheid that was set to wipe to reduce the influence and perpetuation of the slaves’ culture or completely wipe out their social structure and realign it to their own. By using the word erase, the author simply states that the western cultures was forcefully replacing the colony socio-cultural framework and rendering them confused in Spanish cultures that ranged from language to way of doing things (Rennison, 36-8). It is relatively simpler for any person reading to grasp the concept of eraser from the word go and this explains the suitability of th is literary tactic. The author I also stressing the use of refined language to convey meaning as this forms the basis of communication. Even if one look at the quote â€Å"gap†, it is quite clear before an individual go deep into the book to understand that there exists some spaces which are either created or existed before. It is worth noting these words are bound to stick in the mind of an

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Discussion - Essay Example They develop socio-psychological problems, resulting in low confidence and low adjustment within the given paradigm and become ‘depressed’. The widespread implications of depression amongst the employees significantly impacting the economic performance, socio-psychological well being of the workforce and organizational capabilities become urgent issues that need to be addressed. Effective interventions and treatment of the mental illness needs to be taken by from the holistic point of view because holistic approach treats the disease, not as an isolated event but as part of the wider perspectives that takes into account the physical, mental and social aspect of the individuals. Harter, Schmidt and Keyes (2003) assert that ‘presence of positive emotional state and positive appraisals of the workers and his or her relationships within the workplace accentuate workers performance and quality of life’. The job satisfaction, encouraging work environment and leadership initiatives that work towards mutual respect, shared learning and understanding become major facilitating agents of improved performance. Empowered workforce and proactive management promote positive attitude and impetus for higher level of achievement. Thus mental and physical wellbeing of the workers becomes important consideration for management, consultants and employees. (279) Through the ages behavioral scientists have tried to explain human behavior for the wider welfare of human race. Human behavior under normal and excruciating circumstances differ widely and is often subject to one’s approach and understanding of the issue that broadly confines to individual’s choice and thereby his or her actions. Some scientists broadly categorize abnormal behavior in terms of 4 Ds of human behavior described as: deviation from the generally acceptable social behavior or acts considered ‘normal’ by people at large; deviation from the social

Storytelling as Artifice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Storytelling as Artifice - Essay Example Whereas art is an umbrella definition for any creative or innovative work, artifice is a sub set of art that employs some trick to impart some sense into the conscience of people who happens to be the target group for a given literary work. The work of art is like a social mirror to the society but it needs to be blended with some concepts that brings people closer to it and this is what constitute the role of artifice.Yunior, in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, repeatedly calls attention to the artifice which is one of the often assumed literary concept but very useful. This literary work was written to point out some of the social injustices meted on the inhabitants of Caribbean Islands which was predominantly slaves of African descent. Spain happens to have been one of the European nations that took control of Dominican Island and it is intriguing to find out how they practised racial discrimination and adopted a discriminative strategy of planting their culture and weeding o ut their perceived worthless social order among their colonies. One of the literary tools depicting artifice in this work is allegory of violence. The colonial countries and Spain in the context of this work was a true reflection of violence. They engaged the slaves in Dominican Republic in hard labour under inhuman conditions characterized by lack of basic needs like food, clothing and healthcare provision. Taking control of another person is not a peaceful process and this explain why even the Spanish applied cruelty to stamp their authority like any other colonial authority to oppress the blacks in Dominica Republic. The world violence is almost synonymous to the Spanish colonial era and reminds the citizens and other literary audience of the dark past which its effects is still being felt to this date. The â€Å"plantations machine† is a common word used within the novel to illustrate the depth of inhuman treatment the slaves were subjected to. It also symbolises the fast diffusing power of the social restructuring that the Spanish community imposed in Caribbean Island. Symbolism plays a central role in exhibiting the heights of artifice in forcing the meaning of the literary work to the audience. The history of Caribbean is referred to as a culture of† gap† due to the in fills of the colonizers cultures within the culture of the inhabitants of Dominican Republic. It sends the racial apartheid that was set to wipe to reduce the influence and perpetuation of the slaves’ culture or completely wipe out their social structure and realign it to their own. By using the word erase, the author simply states that the western cultures was forcefully replacing the colony socio-cultural framework and rendering them confused in Spanish cultures that ranged from language to way of doing things (Rennison, 36-8). It is relatively simpler for any person reading to grasp the concept of eraser from the word go and this explains the suitability of th is literary tactic. The author I also stressing the use of refined language to convey meaning as this forms the basis of communication. Even if one look at the quote â€Å"gap†, it is quite clear before an individual go deep into the book to understand that there exists some spaces which are either created or existed before. It is worth noting these words are bound to stick in the mind of an

Employee Mentoring Essay Example for Free

Employee Mentoring Essay Jankowicz (2005) mentions, that methodology is the process or approach to undertake a research or study. Prior to follow a methodology, it is essential to understand the research philosophy, which according to Grinnell (1993 cited Kumar, 1999, p. 6) â€Å"research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and creates new knowledge that is generally applicable†. When researching it could be apply to any situation, either for professional or personal purpose. In this case, the main purpose of doing research is to develop an investigation about real situations that may increase or change the knowledge of a particular management problem (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). Therefore, the diverse research methods will be discussed in this chapter, which among other strategies it involves collection and analysis of the research data (Blaxter et al, 2001; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Research Philosophy  The understanding of philosophical positioning of research is useful in the way that helps researchers to clarify alternative designs and methods for a particular investigation and identify which are more likely to work in practice (Ghauri et al, 1995). In this case, research philosophy is about the way the researcher perceives the development of the knowledge and the way the information can be acquire through different processes, besides it provides an ideology to carry out the research (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2003; Bryman, 2004). Therefore, there are two main views related to research philosophies: positivism and phenomenological, which is also known as interpretivism approach (Denscombe, 2002; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2003; Jankowicz, 2005). Saunders et al. (2003) point out that the phenomenological approach proposes the discovery of subjective meanings in for example humans’ behavior in order to understand and give interpretations to their actions and reactions to particular situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. , 2003). Nevertheless, it is important to have in mind that one is not a better philosophy than the other. The philosophy â€Å"depends on the research question that the researcher is seeking to answer† (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 85). From the above mentioned, the research philosophy of this study is based on the develop of skills and knowledge without aiming to generalized and seeking for the truth, but to focus on understanding of human behavior based on the descriptions and experiences of people in specific situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. 2003; Jankowicz, 2005). Hence, this research will take an interpretivism philosophy, because the study is related with employee mentoring and attitudes towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The role of social learning processes and characteristics of a good mentor may have a great influence on the above mentioned attitudes of employees, which is based on different meanings and interpretations that individuals could have on their own experiences. In addition, Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 7) said â€Å"it is an approach which assumes that the social world is constantly changing, and the researcher and the research itself are part of this change†. Not only the social world is changing, but also the global business environment is and using an interpretivism approach provides flexibility to confront those changes. Whereas the positivistic approach is characterized by seeking law-like results that can be generalized and there is an objective truth that exist in the world and can be revealed through the scientific method, where the focus is on measuring relationships, systematically and statistically, between variables. Research Approach According to Saunders et al (2003), a research is conducted to analyze existing theories, or to establish new theories as a result of recent findings. This will depend on whether the approach is deductive or inductive. A deductive approach is where the researcher develops a theory which will be tested, whereas an inductive approach is where the theory will be developed from the analysis of the data that is going to be collected. The nature of this research is not to find a specific theory but an explanation of an existing situation, for example, in today’s global business environment. Therefore, this research will place the inductive approach which is closely related with the interpretivism philosophy due to its characteristic of not assuming results that are inferred from general conjectures, but developing an explanation from the data collected where general conjectures are induced from specific cases (Jankowikz, 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. , 2003). Research Purpose  An important part of a research and mainly seeing it from the perspective of its objectives, is to identify the purpose of it, which according to some authors can be classified as exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and predictive (Kumar, 1999; Saunders et al. , 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Whereas, the exploratory study is carried out to explore areas, identify variable and look for hypothesis instead of confirming hypothesis, the predictive study forecasts the result of an event and anticipate the outcomes of that event which is under study. On the other hand, an explanatory (analytical) study focuses on studying a situation or a problem in order to discover and measure the relationship between variables, while a descriptive study identifies, describes and provides information of a particular issue (Kumar, 1999; Saunders et al. , 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Therefore, the purpose of this research, taking into account its objectives is exploratory due to the fact that it tries to examine the impact of employee mentoring on their attitudes towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The role of social learning processes is also very important in the relationship between mentoring and job attitudes. The qualities of a mentor also play a great role in this relationship. Hence, it would lead to find strategic recommendations for the organization involve in this investigation. Data Collection To answer the research question and achieve the objectives of the research there is the need to collect data, (Saunders et al. , 2000). There are two main data resources, secondary and primary data. Secondary data is the one that already exists from previous investigations and it can be found in books, journals and films (Saunders at al, 2003). Primary data is the one that is recollected from the research and it can be obtained by using methods such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group, and other (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Saunders et al. (2003) points out that literature review helps to develop an understanding and insight into relevant previous research. Collis and Hussey (2003), add to Saunders’s point of view saying that exploring the existing literature will help to have a better overview on previous research that has been conducted and its impact on the studied research problem. In addition, Saunders et al (2003) classify the secondary data into three types: documentary, survey-based and multi-source. For this investigation, it will be useful the documentary secondary data because written documents such as articles taken from the Internet, journals, books among others, could be relevant information to be used.

Human Resource Management At Lloyds Tsb

Human Resource Management At Lloyds Tsb In this report, I am presenting about the human resource planning and development method of LloydsTSB bank. It is a retail bank in United Kingdom. It was established in 1765 by Taylors and Lloyds in Birmingham. It has an great network of branches and atm machines in England and Wales and has 24 hour telephone and online banking service. Now a time it has more than 16 million personal customers. It offers a full range of banking and financial services. It has more than 2000 branches all around the UK .It has branches in different countries also such as America ,Australia ,china and many more. It deals with the availability of human resources and efficiency of the personal placement. The main purpose of hrm is to keep and create the balance between the firms goal and the interest of the employees. For any company, to be successful in all departments and functions must depend on one department which is key for all departments i.e. HRM. The HRM manages and controls everything in any department The functional areas of HRM:- 1-PLANNING-It is the process of receiving the human resource requirements to ensure that we have the required number of employees with the appropriate skills when they are needed. It concerns about that what are the objectives of the organization and the structure of the organization. 2-DEVELOPMENT-It is the major HRM function and it consists of:- a) Training b) Development c) Career planning d) Career development e) Performance appraisal 3-RECRUITMENT-It is the process of attracting the qualified and experienced candidates towards the organization and attract them to apply for job. The three main objectives in which Lloyds tsb bank deals are:- 1) STAFFING 2) COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS 3) TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT (Mill ward et al. 1992, 2000) (HRM by prof.dr jutta rump) Q 1(B) Each activity of the HRM has its own objective and importance. The main objective is to fulfil the goals of the organization and work for achieving its targets by recruiting, selection and providing training etc. [1]OBJECTIVES OF RECRUITMENT It is the process of attracting qualified individuals towards the job and encouraging them to apply for work. There are two sources of recruitment INTERNAL RECRUITMENT This type of recruitment can be done within the employees of the organization Methods of internal recruitment are:- (1)Job posting-It is a procedure for informing the employees that a job opening exists (2)Job bidding-It is a technique that permits employees who believe that they processes the required qualifications to apply for a posted job b) EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT This recruitment should be done from outside the organization. SOURCES OF EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT Advertising:-This is the easiest way to do the recruitment. In this recruitment should be done by giving ads on the newspapers and by pamphaleting etc Job fairs:-By job Fairs Company can recruit thousands of employees at a time. In job fairs different MNCs come together at a same time to recruit different persons for different posts. Internships-This type of recruitment should be done during the internship of the students Employee referrals:-This is also the easiest way to do the recruitment; in this candidates should be selected for the interviews on the reference of their friends who worked already with the organization. Private and public employment agencies-some public and private agencies have some contracts with some organizations and they take commissions from the companies for the recruitment of candidates. Internet-This is the best way to do the recruitment. In this recruitment the organizations put their recruitment forms on their websites along with their eligibility criteria, so those persons who fulfil the criteria should filled that forms and send to the organizations. Lloyds tsb bank has a multi-tier recruitment system. The multi-tier recruitment system means the recruitment of people for the different types of posts for the different categories, forexample jobs for the account opening department, sales manager, operation department, cashier etc LLOYDS TSB BANK recruits persons by both internal and external sources. In internal sources they recruit persons from the same bank by giving them promotions to the high posts and in the external sources they recruit by advertising in the local newspaper, through private and public employment agencies, job fairs, employee referrals, internships ,by event recruiting .They can also recruit people through internet. (www.mangement paradise.com) (lloydsTSB.com) [2]TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT The training is designed to provide learner with knowledge and skills needed for their present job and development involves the learning that goes beyond todays job with the help of development to understand the change been done in the organization. The main purpose of the training and development is to develop the skills and attitude in the candidate to fulfil the task. The need of training should be known by analysing the performance of the candidates by taking their tests ,by giving them projects ,by checking their past work done .With this it can be easily calculated that in which section they are weak and what sort of training should be helpful for them. METHODS OF TRAINING 1 TRAINING ON THE JOB a) Learning by experience-In this training candidates use to learn something day by day by their experience. B) Internship-This is the most important type of training, in this training should be given to the candidates before the joining of the job. c) Team work-This is the easiest way to give training. In this training should be given together to a group of persons and they can share their own ideas, knowledge and experience with each other d)job rotation-This training should be given to those persons who either get promoted to the higher level or those who get shifted from one place to another within the same organization. e) Computer based training-Now as we all knows computer has become the necessity for todays life; no work can be done in any of the organization without it. In this training should be given regarding the basics of the computer to almost everybody in an organization. f) Web based training 2 TRAINING OF THE JOB a) Simulators b) Workgroups c) Quality circle d) Classroom programs (HRM by prof.dr jutta rump) Lloyds bank also gave different types of training to different candidates according to their job profile. -they provide training on subjects like strategy and management to their managers -provide computer related training to their operational department because they have to perform the work on the computers -they provide web training to their candidates who will help them in future in making their websites and in internet banking -they also provide customer service and sales training to their sales department who interact with the different people and sell them the products -they provide security guard training to their employees [3] Compensation and benefits It is the total of all rewards which employee can get in reward for their services Types:- 1) Direct financial compensation:-it is in the form of money which he or she receives in the form of wages, salary, bonus and commission 2) Indirect financial compensation:-all financial rewards which are not included in the direct financial compensation like insurance, bonus and commission. 3) Non financial:-it consists of satisfaction that a person receives from like good working environment. 4) Lloyds tsb bank also give good compensation and rewards to its employees to get the work done more efficiently and effectively that company gets more profit and market share. Lloyds motivates the employees by giving them bonuses, performance appraisals etc. (lloydsTSB.com) Q1(C) C) HRM MODELS A number of models have been designed to illustrate appropriate HR policies. Major ones are: 1) Matching models or Michigan model Fombrun et als (1984) highlights the resource aspect of HRM and efficient utilization of people to meet organizational objectives. This model has less humanistic edge, holding HR as other resources to be obtained cheaply, used sparingly, developed and exploited as fully as possible. This model suggests that HR system and organisation should be managed in congruency to organizational strategies and reveals a cycle comprising of four generic stages namely selection, appraisal, rewards, and development. However, with reference to the firm in consideration this model is not very significant as is not in alignment to the HR policies practiced in Lloyds Banking Group. Although, the sequence of steps observed in the firm are more or less similar but the unitary thought that this model reveals which is purely prescriptive and not analytical, without considering the changing situations does not represent the policies practiced by Lloyds Banking Group. 2) Harvard Framework This mode shows considerable amount of similarity to the policies and practices followed in Lloyds Banking Group as it stresses the human aspect of HRM and is more concerned with the employer employee relationship. It recognizes the influences of situational factors on HRM policy choices. The model defines four policy areas as HR flows, reward systems, employee influence and work systems The model is highly significant as far as Lloyds Banking Group is concerned as it readily complies with the company rules in achieving objectives. LBG run policies which are usually in par with external and internal environments. Also major planning activities are also designed so as to encourage two way dialogues and to foster better working relationships across the group. (Fombrun et al (1984) Task 2 HR Planning and Development Q2(A) Human resource planning is the process of systematically reviewing human resource requirements to ensure that the required number of employees with the required skills is available when and where they are needed. Human resource planning includes the four factors 1) Quantity-how many employees do we need? 2) Quality-which skills, knowledge and abilities do we need? 3) Space-where do we need the employees? 4) time-when do we need the employees? How long do we need them? Human resource development is the process of development of knowledge, skills and experience in the worker. It consists not only training and development but also individual career planning, performance appraisals and career development. Recruitment is the process of attracting individuals in time, in limited numbers and with appropriate qualification and encouraging them to apply for jobs. Selection is the process of choosing the right person from a group of different persons. The recruitment in the Lloyds tsb bank is mainly done in 2 types:- INTERNAL EXTERNAL In internal recruitment, Lloyds recruit people from the bank by giving them promotions or by moving them from one post to another. In external recruitment Lloyds recruit the fresh graduates by the following ways:- 1) In the step 1 candidate has to go through the website of the Lloyds bank and download the recruitment form from the website and then posted that to the address given in the website along with the grades in the graduation. 2) In the next step those guys who fulfil the eligibility criteria have to give an aptitude test which is just to check the intelligence level of the candidate. 3) In this only limited persons are reached and they have to gone through a group discussion part. 4) In the next steps the selected persons are seeded for the training process according to their relevant job Training of employees- Training is an effective method of building skills and increasing knowledge in workers .Lloyds tsb bank provides two type of training to their workers depend upon their job profile 1) Training on the job 2) Training off the job In training on the job the training like web based, computer based, and job rotation should be given In training off the job the training should be given by providing case studies, video tapes, video conferencing, classroom programs and simulators Lloyds tsb bank gives training in two places -lean sigma academy -ash ridge management college They have their own corporate university where they are giving training on long term courses like strategic management and business management. Lloyds also provide training regarding the security to their workers so that they can protect the premises from the unwanted people. Compensation and benefits It is a total of all rewards which employees get in return for their services. Lloyds tsb bank provides both financial and non financial compensation to their employees. The financial compensation is of two types:- 1) Direct compensation-In this Lloyds tsb bank gives compensation to their workers in the form of wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses. 2) Indirect compensation-In this Lloyds tsb bank gives compensation to their workers in the form of insurance ,health benefits, pension insurance fund and retirement plans The non financial compensation consists of the satisfaction that a person receives from the job itself or from the physiological or physical environment in which he works. (www.mangement paradise.com) (HRM by prof.dr jutta rump) Q2(B) The above three methods perform a great role in achieving the objectives of the organization. The main objective of the Lloyds tsb bank is to become the best bank of the United Kingdom. This can be done by recruiting the cream candidates from the society, by giving them good training regarding their jobs and by giving good wages and promotions to the workers so they can feel motivated and work hard. All of the above three process has a great importance in an organization .We will discuss them one by one:- Recruitment and selections:-The recruitment and selection is the best method to achieve the objectives of the organization. The candidates who pass all the stages of the recruitment are the cream out of all of the candidates which means they are different from others in all perspectives and they have a greater knowledge which will definitely help any of organization or bank to reach on the top. Selection means the choosing a right person for a suitable job from a group of applicants. Lloyds tsb bank recruits the candidates who have good knowledge about their job and who are experienced .It saves their time and money for giving them training. By recruitment any organization can come to know about the following points -what is suitable trade for the candidate i.e. finance, retail and marketing etc -whether the person is suitable for the job or not. Training and learning-Training is a very important part of any organization which helps in gaining knowledge and development of skills in the candidate. Every organization knows the importance of the training. The Lloyds tsb bank got greater benefits from the past years due to the hard work of the workers. For example the customers of Lloyds tsb bank has been increasing from the last many years this is due to its good service and good knowledge of the sales team and workers working in the organization .They got the power of attracting and have good knowledge of different types of accounts and products from the training process. Training should help any of the workers of the organization to fulfil its targets given to him by using his or her knowledge. Due to better training and hard work 500 customer advisors of the bank got the most responsible lender of year award. (lloydsTSB.com) Compensation and benefits-Lloyds tsb always give good compensation and benefits to their workers in the form of bonuses, insurance, health benefits etc. The Lloyds bank give good salaries to their workers so that they can perform their task in the more better way. It also provides a very good option of pension insurances which motivates all the workers to work hard till their pension. This kind of activity boosts the morale of workers and makes them motivate. The rewards and reorganization encourages worker to work more efficiently. These activities increase the faith and responsibility towards organization. Task 3 Performance Q3(a) Performance measure is the process where an organization establishes the parameters in which programs, investments and acquisition can reach their goals. It is also a method to calculate the performance of individuals working in the organization by taking the feedback and reviews of other workers, managers and supervisors. This is the way to checkout that how a worker is using his or her skills to achieve the objective of the organization. The performance management creates the culture in which the organizational and individual learning are a learning process. It measures on the basis of workers, past experience, knowledge and skills. By using the following measures the performance of an individual can be measured easily:- 1) Balanced scorecard 2) Peer appraisal 3) Top down appraisal 4) Bottom up appraisal 5)360 degree appraisal 6) Self appraisal (1)360 degree appraisal-It is a very important method which is also known as multidirectional method. In this a team of best 6-8 members of the organization has been selected to calculate the performance of the other workers. This is measured on behalf of the behaviour of the employee with the other workers and with the managers of the organization. In this method an application form is been provided to every worker to fill the information and then they submit the form to their managers and the managers made a report on the behalf of that form and measures the performance of the individual worker and feedback should be given to every worker that what are their weak areas on which they have to work hard and training should also be provided to the workers on their weak areas. 2)Top down appraisal-In this the upper manager calculates the performance of the workers and the low level mangers on the basis of their performance and behaviour and past records. Then they give the feedback to them and appropriate actions should be taken on the behalf of their feedbacks. 3) Bottom up appraisal-In this the workers and the low level manager of the organization gives their feedbacks about their seniors and managers. 4) Peer appraisal-This is the easiest method to calculate the performance. In this one colleague checks the performance of the other worker and gives the feedback. 5) Balanced scorecard approach-This technique is used by the Lloyds bank to measure the performance of the employee. It checks whether every worker is fulfilling or working to get the objective of the organization It has 4 perspectives:- a) Financial perspective-It measures the finance of the organization. It deals with the profit and loss and increase in sales of the organization. b) Business related perspective:-It takes care of the business of the organization that who are the partners and who are the rivalries of the organization. It also deals with the business process like sales service and human resources. C) Customers:-it deals with the customers linked with the organization regarding the fulfilment of the goals, queries and complaints. The main objective is to complete the task before time and to give discounts to them. d) Internal learning and innovation:-this is the most important perspective. It deals with giving training to the workers on their weak areas and by providing them innovative ideas which helps them in achieving the goal. (http://humanresources.about.com/od/360feedback/a/360feedback_3.htm) (www.mangement paradise.com) All the companies do the monitoring of the performance but without effective monitoring any organization achieve the actual goal or results. The effective monitoring is important because:- 1 It increases the awareness and relevance of the core competencies. 2It reinforces the desired competencies of the business. 3It gives the employees the key development area which helps them in increasing the productiveness and achievement of the goal. 4 It gives a more reliable feedback to senior managers so that they can work to achieve the goal. The method adopted is effective because of the following reasons:- 1 After the good feedback the workers feels motivated and work hard to achieve the goal of the organization and motivates other employees also to perform the tasks. 2It improves the integrity between employees because of alignment of objectives in one direction. 3As the form is filled after some interval so it gives the information about the performance of the employees to the organization 4With this every employee should know if they will not perform well, they will either send to training again or will be fired. Improvement needed in methods Even though the Lloyds tsb bank is doing well and acting effectively on the performance monitoring, but also there is need for the further development and improvement in order to make the system more effective which can make this as a competitive advantage in the business. For some of the employees the regular audit of balance score card is just a administrative work. It is the responsibility of top management to tell them the importance of balance score card. There is a need for improving the speed of actions to be taken after the feedback Top management should be properly committed with the fulfilment of balance score card approach. There should not be any kind of gap and delay in checking the performance By reducing the complexities in the feedback questionnaires, which helps in easy process of completing the questionnaires so the monitoring levels also become more standard and can produce accurate results. Conclusion: The human resource department is the back bone of every organization because it helps in allocating human resources to other departments. The planning and development are the key issues of hrm which helps in maintaining demand and supply of man power, measuring performance and training of employees. The processes suggested above in the reports are the most efficient method of planning and development

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire Essa

Different Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval period that is described by Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucer's two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly, instead his demeanor is a shell that encloses a less virtuous constitution. Although both claim the same vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes in respect to dedication, material possessions, and sincerity. The most recurrent point in the description of the Knight was the abundance and importance of his battles, while it was the least mentioned aspect of the Squire. While the entirety of the Squire's military exploits are named in two lines, "he had seen some service with the cavalry / In Flanders and Artois and Picardy.", the list of the Knight's battles clearly dominates the text of his description, running for many lines: When we took Alexandria, he was there . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Lithuania he had ridden, and Russia, No Christian man so often, of his rank. When, in Granada, Algeciras sank Under assault, he had been there, and in North Africa, raiding Benamarin; In Anatolia he had been as well And fought when Ayas and Attalia fell... This pass... ...o some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was never directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrous image, a reflection of the actual knights of Chaucer's day. Because of the reality of the corruption that was portrayed by the Squire, the true and complete chivalry portrayed by the Knight was unknown. Therefore, it follows that Chaucer was not merely comparing two knights and delineating the virtues that comprised chivalry, but in a grander sense was re vealing many of the corrupting point of humanity by comparing the fundamental difference between the reality of our humanity with the ideal of perfection. Works Cited: Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992.

Struggling with Death in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Papers Gilgame

Struggling with Death in The Epic of Gilgamesh In the ?Epic of Gilgamesh,? Gilgamesh deals with an issue that nearly destroyed him. He sought after immortality so much that he put his own life on the edge. Centuries later, this quest unites our high tech, fast paced culture with the remote and different culture of Gilgamesh. Humanity has yet to find the secret of letting go of the idea of everlasting life. Many people today hold on to the topic of immortality because they find it so difficult to say goodbye to a loved one. Placing flowers on graves is a popular way to remember the deceased. Even years after the person has died, the family members and friends still go to the gravesite to reminisce. People find it difficult to accept the fact that they will never see someone again. They want to believe that the person is still there. Gilgamesh had the same problem. He made the journey looking for his friend. He couldn?t deal with the fact that Enkidu had died. He wanted him to live forever. Gilgamesh even went as far as almost sacrificing his life to find him...

Dealing with Angry Parents!

We often feel that parents are scolding us or angry with us for things that we feel were not so bad as to warrant such a reaction. While this is not very comforting for us, we must know that parents don’t want to do this either. It’s just that sometimes when life is a little hard on their end, they expect support from their kids — no matter how young they might be. When they don’t find this support, they tend to get upset. If you are one of those young people who often see their parents angry, then you must learn how to deal with parents and adults who are not in the best of spirits.Learning the proper way to deal with parents who are upset either at us or because of something else is crucial — regardless of the reason behind their anger. However, doing so is not completely impossible and here are some simple techniques that can help you out. Find out the reason Study the behavior of your parents. Try to notice what makes them unhappy and identify t he things that annoy them the most or trigger their anger. The first and most important step is, knowing what makes your parents angry.You will never be able to help yourself or improve the situation without knowing so. Once you find out the reason you can move on to the next step and avoid the nagging or doing something that makes them angrier. Avoid the reasons If you parents get mad at you for not completing your homework on time, try to avoid delaying your work. Similarly, if they get mad at you for not eating healthy food, try to add healthy food to your diet. Whatever the reason may be, you must know that parents always know better.They have far more experience than us and they certainly don’t want us to do the wrong things or do things the wrong way. If they are telling you to do something or to stay away from someone or something, there must be a valid reason for that. Just try to avoid situations that are going to trigger their anger. It might be hard but it’s going to benefit you eventually. Speak to them If you can’t identify what makes them angry, speak to them. Ask them where you are wrong and tell them that you want to make an effort to rectify. Also tell them how their anger has negative effects on you.Don’t have this talk when they are angry because they might not be in a state to listen to you properly, but do it after things cool down a little, perhaps an hour or two after the incident or maybe even a day later. You can also bring up the topic randomly according to their mood. Letting them know that their anger disturbs you and you are ready to comply with their instructions, will help immensely. Consult others If you think they’re not ready to understand or it’s not possible to talk to them you might want to consult a third person. If you can’t talk to your parents, you must find someone to talk to about it.You cannot keep it inside. If you do, the situation will get even worse. And with so ma ny people around it is never too difficult to find someone to talk to. If you have older siblings, consult them and ask how they dealt with the situation in their younger years. If you’re close to friends, share their experiences. However, you must know that not all friends are positive with the problems of other people; some might even take advantage of you and lure you into doing bad things. You must be wise and sensible while consulting a third person.And also be mindful of the fact that if you talk to someone who likes to gossip, he or she might just spread stories about your parents and family which will put them in a bad light. So choose the person wisely. Teachers and school counselors are great pillars of help and support. They are also wise people so their advice will always help you and guide you to find a solution of the problem. Moreover, teachers are generally trustworthy and you cannot discuss such matters with anyone who is not reliable. Hence the easiest bet i s to talk it out with your teacher and ask him or her for suggestions to improve the situation.Another safe bet can be your grandparents. They will never exploit the situation because they love you and your parents both. You can brief your grandparents about the situation and ask them to help and suggest you what to do. They might also be able to have a word with your parents and tell them about your feelings and emotions, which you’re not able to convey yourself. Techniques to help you out As mentioned earlier avoiding things and situations that trigger anger will help greatly but at times there are so many other small techniques to make your parents feel happier and less stressed.Try to become responsible, be more obedient, complete your work on appropriate time, take meals properly, apologise even if you think you were right, move to a quiet location, avoid confrontation and arguments and maintain discipline in the house. While all of these put together might seem like a h eavy doze, you must know that once incorporated into your lifestyle, all these are very small positive changes that will help you deal with angry parents and also nurture your personality as you grow up.Our parents do so much for us; they literally work day in and day out just so we can get the best of education and a comfortable life. They compromise on their social life to give more time to us. They pick and drop us from school even in the scorching heat of summers without complaining once. They get up before us in the morning and go to bed after we sleep at night, yet don’t complain once. And while doing all this, they might get tired and stressed — after all they are humans and not robots. Hence, we need to understand them and give them the special attention and care they deserve.